Compare the role of precision machining and ultra-precision machining

Advanced manufacturing technology has become one of the important means of national economic development. Many countries attach great importance to the level and development of advanced manufacturing technology, and use it to carry out product innovation, expand production and improve international economic competitiveness. At present, one of the important reasons why the economic development of the United States, Japan, Germany and other countries is at the leading level in the world is that they regard advanced manufacturing technology as a key factor in the economic success of modern countries. After the Second World War, in order to quickly restore the economy and vigorously develop manufacturing technology, especially precision processing technology, the level of machinery manufacturing has made great progress, which strongly supports the development of other industries in the automobile manufacturing industry. And the microelectronics industry has achieved remarkable results. In just 30 years, it has developed from a defeated country to a world economic power. Since the 1930s, the United States has been a world leader in manufacturing technology. However, after the 1950s, it did not pay enough attention to manufacturing technology and felt a huge threat in economic competition. After careful summarization, it was familiar with the 1980s. An important reason for the loss in the important, high-growth technology market was that the US did not apply its technology to manufacturing. After repeated research, the National Research Council of the National Academy of Engineering proposed to refocus attention on manufacturing technology, rather than placing manufacturing in a subordinate design position as in previous years.

Advanced manufacturing technology is the main direction and strategic decision-making for the development of the national economy in the world. At the same time, it is also a long-term plan for a country to be independent, prosperous, economically sustainable and stable, and to maintain advanced leadership in science and technology.
From the technical aspects of advanced manufacturing technology, there are two major fields of precision and ultra-Precision Machining technology and manufacturing automation. The former pursues precision and surface quality limits in processing, and the latter includes automation of product design, manufacturing and management. It is not only an important means to respond quickly to market demand, improve productivity, improve working conditions, but also an effective measure to ensure product quality. The two are closely related. Many precision and ultra-precision machining rely on automation technology to achieve the expected indicators, instead of Less manufacturing automation relies on precision machining to achieve correct and reliable implementation. Both have a global and decisive role and are the backbone of advanced manufacturing technology.
1. Ultra-precision machining is one of the important signs of the national manufacturing industry. The precision, surface roughness, processing size range and geometric shape that can be achieved by ultra-precision machining are one of the important indicators of a country's manufacturing technology. For example, the radius of the blunt radius of the diamond cutting edge is a key technical parameter for the ultra-precision cutting of diamond tools. Japan claims to have reached 2nm, while China is still at the sub-micron level, which is an order of magnitude; and such as diamond micronized grinding wheel ultra-precision grinding. The cutting has been used in production in Japan, and the manufacturing level has been greatly improved, which has solved the problem of low efficiency of ultra-precision grinding abrasive processing.
2. Precision machining and ultra-precision machining are the foundation and key of advanced manufacturing technology. In the field of manufacturing automation, a large number of computer-aided manufacturing software development, such as computer-aided design (CaD), computer-aided engineering analysis (CaE), Computer-aided process design (CaPP), computer-aided processing (CaM), etc., collectively referred to as computer-aided engineering (Cax), such as assembly-oriented design (DFa), manufacturing-oriented design (DFM), etc., collectively referred to as engineering-oriented design (DFx); Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) technology, production models such as sophisticated production, sensitive manufacturing, virtual manufacturing, and cleaner production and green manufacturing are all important and necessary, representing current high-tech manufacturing. An important aspect of technology. However, as the main battlefield of manufacturing technology, as the actual manufacture of real products, it is necessary to rely on precision machining and ultra-precision machining technology. For example, the development of the computer industry is not only in software, but also in hardware, that is, in integrated circuit chips. There is a strong ability, it should be said that at present, the manufacturing level of China's integrated circuits constrains the development of the computer industry. The "two-mm project" of the automobile manufacturing industry proposed by American manufacturing engineering researchers has made the quality of automobiles meet the European and Japanese standards, and the measures are all real manufacturing technologies.