New advances in precision and ultra-precision machining technology

1. Overview of Development

precision and ultra-precision processing technology, a direct impact on the development of cutting-edge technology and national defense industry, so countries have attached great importance to this world, has devoted itself to research and development, and implementation of technological security Control the export of key processing technologies and equipment. With the rapid development of aerospace, high-precision instrumentation, inertial navigation platforms, optics and laser technology and a wide range of applications, processing of high-precision complex parts, optical parts, high-precision planes, surfaces and complex shapes Demand is increasingly urgent. At present, a variety of precision and ultra-precision turning, grinding, polishing and other machine tools have been developed abroad, and new Precision Machining and precision measurement technologies have been developed.

China is now a "manufacturing power", and its manufacturing scale ranks fourth in the world, second only to the United States, Japan and Germany. In recent years, it has made great progress in precision machining technology and precision machine tool equipment manufacturing. However, China is still not a "manufacturing power", and there is still a big gap compared with developed countries. Although China has a large number of mechanical and electrical products exported each year, most of them are low-end products with low technology content and relatively low price. Most imported from abroad are high-end products with high technical content and high price. At present, China needs to import a large number of precision CNC machine tools and instruments that cannot be produced in China every year. For example, in 2003, China imported machine tools worth US$4.16 billion, while the export machine tools were only 380 million US dollars, mainly for low-precision ordinary machine tools. In 2004, China imported machine tools of 5.78 billion US dollars and exported machine tools only 520 million US dollars. In 2005, the total output value of China's machine tools was about 5 billion US dollars, and the export machine tools were 800 million US dollars, while the imported machine tools reached 6.7 billion US dollars.

Due to the important embargo embargo imposed on China by some important high-precision machine tools and instruments from abroad, these precision equipments are urgently needed for the development of national defense industry and cutting-edge technology in China. Therefore, in order to prevent China’s national defense and technological development from being controlled, We must invest the necessary manpower and material resources to independently develop precision and ultra-precision processing technology, and strive to upgrade China's precision and ultra-precision processing technology to the world's advanced level as soon as possible. The following is a brief introduction to the latest developments in precision and ultra-precision machining technology at home and abroad.

2. Precision machine tool technology development

precision machine tools is the basis for precision machining. The development direction of today's precision machine tool technology is: on the basis of continuing to improve the accuracy, high-speed cutting is used to improve the processing efficiency, and advanced CNC technology is used to improve its automation level. Swiss DIXI is famous for producing horizontal coordinate boring machines. The DHP40 high-precision horizontal high-speed boring machine produced by the company has added a multi-axis CNC system to become a machining center. At the same time, the highest spindle of the machine tool has been achieved for high-speed cutting. The speed is increased to 24000r/min. The high-speed precision five-axis machining center of MIKROM in Switzerland has a spindle speed of 42000r/min and a positioning accuracy of 5μm, which has reached the accuracy of the past coordinate boring machine. As can be seen from the performance of these two machines, there is no longer a strict boundary between the current machining center and the high-speed cutting machine.

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