Ultra-precision grinding required machining quality and elements of the grinding wheel

As a grinding wheel for ultra-precision grinding, fine-grained diamond grinding wheels are widely used. In addition to mirror-surface grinding applications, they can also be used as grinding wheels for small-sized aspherical lens forming molds such as mobile phones and digital cameras. These molds are mostly made of cemented carbide and engineering ceramics because they are used for hot press molding of optical glass. In addition, it is also being made with micro-diamond and engineering ceramics. In addition, tests for directly obtaining aspherical lenses by grinding with a micro-diamond grinding wheel are also performed. The diamond grain size used in these grinding processes is currently about 1500 to 3000#, and the machining accuracy of about 0.1 μm or less in shape accuracy and about 40 mm in surface roughness Ry can be obtained. These have been practically used for the grinding of consumer optical lenses, which are not required to have high accuracy, and have not yet reached the required accuracy of large-sized aspherical lenses that require higher precision.
In the future, the requirements for fine-grained diamond grinding wheels will require the study of the abrasive grain characteristics of ultra-fine diamond abrasives used as fixed abrasives. In addition, the basic elements need to consider abrasives, binders, fillers, and other raw materials that make up the fine-grained diamond grinding wheel. This does not impede sound grinding and the development of high-precision uniform dispersion technology is also important.
The current state of the ultra-Precision Machining grinder can be said to be a minimum cutting setting value of 100 nm a few years ago, but it has recently been possible to produce a more accurate minimum resolution of 1 nm, and the quadrant has also been adjusted to a minimum. Although fine-grained diamond grinding wheels with a particle size of 6000 or more have been manufactured in the past, the machining conditions for shaping, dressing, and grinding of ultrafine or near-ultrafine-grained diamond grinding wheels have not yet been obtained on a grinding machine with a minimum cut-in setting value of 100 nm. In the future, practical examples of higher-precision grinding machines will continue to appear, and research on the specifications and processing conditions of fine-grained diamond grinding wheels will be strengthened and their practical application will be promoted. In the following, examples of processing of a practically-used resin-bonding grinding wheel for ultra-precision grinding and a shaping and dressing method necessary for use are described.